<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Measure Software Quality</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="../themes/style.css" />
<script language="javascript">
	var currentdiv = null;
	function showpage(n) {
		var thename = 'page' + n;

		var thediv = document.getElementById(thename);

		if (currentdiv != null) {
			currentdiv.style.display = 'none';
		}

		thediv.style.display = 'block';
		currentdiv = thediv;
	}
</script>
</head>
<body>
	<div class="wrapper">
		<div id="header">
			<div id="header_title">
				<h2>Measuring Software Quality</h2>
				<a style="float:right;" href="../downloadDMT.htm">Back to home page</a>
			</div>
		</div>
		<div class="content faq">
		<h2>What gets measured gets done</h2>
	<table style="border: 0;">
		<tr style="display: block; vertical-align: top; float: left;">
			<td style="padding: 0 3px 0 0;">
				<ul
					style="white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0; list-style-type: none;">
					<li style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 2px" xmlns=""><a
						href="javascript:showpage('IDANACNB')">Measuring application
							development objectively</a></li>

					<li style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 2px" xmlns=""><a
						href="javascript:showpage('IDAVACNB')">The information you
							need to know</a></li>

					<li style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 2px" xmlns=""><a
						href="javascript:showpage('IDAHBCNB')">Defining Application
							Health Factors</a></li>
					<li style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 2px" xmlns=""><a
						href="javascript:showpage('IDANWDNB')">Robustness</a></li>

					<li style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 2px" xmlns=""><a
						href="javascript:showpage('IDATXDNB')">Performance</a></li>
					<li style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 2px" xmlns=""><a
						href="javascript:showpage('IDAPYDNB')">Security</a></li>
					<li style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 2px" xmlns=""><a
						href="javascript:showpage('IDABZDNB')">Transferability</a></li>
					<li style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 2px" xmlns=""><a
						href="javascript:showpage('IDA2ZDNB')">Changeability</a></li>
					<li style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 2px" xmlns=""><a
						href="javascript:showpage('IDAJ1DNB')">Enhanced Remediation
							Capabilities</a></li>
					<li style="display: block; width: 100%; margin: 2px" xmlns=""><a
						href="javascript:showpage('IDA51DNB')">Conclusion</a></li>
				</ul>
			</td>
			<td style="border-left: 1px solid grey; padding: 0 0 0 6px;">
				<div id="pageIDANACNB"
					style="float: left; display: none; margin: 5px" xmlns="">
					<h1 class="ParagraphTitle" style="margin-top: 0px">Measuring
						application development objectively</h1>
					<p>For as long as developers have been writing code,
						development managers have been guessing at what developers are
						really doing and executives have been wondering what their
						investments are returning to the business. The prediction of
						release dates for example and the quality of those releases even
						after they are “in market” are still quite subjective in nature.
						We look at past deliveries, requirements for the release, defect
						counts, but at the end of the day, we have no idea how hard it is
						to change an existing application or what the real technical
						quality is, even long after it has been delivered. Thankfully,
						because of this, organizations like the Software Engineering
						Institute (SEI), International Standards Organization (ISO), and
						Center for Software Engineering, Institute of Electrical and
						Electronics Engineers (IEEE) along with many others have been
						studying ways to objectively measure software, both for the
						quality and quantity of work</p>
					<p>These measurements, known as application health factors
						include looking at quality through transferability, changeability,
						robustness (stability &amp; testability), performance, security
						and maintainability of an application and the overall application
						portfolio. We also track productivity (quantity) or the amount of
						work that has been done including technical size and functional
						weight.</p>
				</div>

				<div id="pageIDAVACNB"
					style="float: left; display: none; margin: 5px" xmlns="">
					<h1 class="ParagraphTitle" style="margin-top: 0px">The
						information you need to know</h1>
					<p>In the context of CAST AIP, we will focus on the application
						health factors and metrics and how to use them as application
						development managers need to best manage and measure application
						development and the applications within their portfolio. Figure 1
						shows a subset of technical metrics and the application health
						factors that they enable.</p>
					<img width="624" height="321"
						src="../themes/resources/images/PortalContent-MeasuringSoftwareQuality_files/image009.gif"><br>
					<span style="clear: both">Figure 1: View of application
						health factors and corresponding quality and quantity measurements</span>
					<p>As you can see in Figure 1, the application health factors
						themselves are categorized into two areas: Code Quality and Code
						Quantity. Both of these categories are defined much like their
						names, Code Quality looks at the technical quality of the
						application. Code Quantity provides the information needed to know
						how large the application is based on size and technology used.
						Analysis is done across these two categories to determine the
						overall quality of an application as well as providing insight
						into the amount of work that development has been doing. Through
						quality and quantity, development managers can not only see how
						much work their teams are delivering, but also how well.</p>
				</div>

				<div id="pageIDAHBCNB"
					style="float: left; display: none; margin: 5px" xmlns="">
					<h1 class="ParagraphTitle" style="margin-top: 0px">Defining
						Application Health Factors</h1>
					<p>The factors used to improve application development bring
						visibility into what the teams are delivering, and into the health
						and future ability of your applications.</p>
					<p>These health factors are:
					<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
						style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 10px">
						<tr style="height: 16.2pt">
							<th width="147" valign="top"
								style="width: 110.35pt; border: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #BAC8D4; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 16.2pt">
								Health factor</th>
							<th width="236" valign="top"
								style="width: 177.3pt; border: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-left: none; background: #BAC8D4; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 16.2pt">
								Description</th>
							<th width="256" valign="top"
								style="width: 191.9pt; border: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-left: none; background: #BAC8D4; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 16.2pt">
								Business Value</th>
						</tr>
						<tr style="height: 36.2pt">
							<td width="147" valign="top"
								style="width: 110.35pt; border: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-top: none; background: #EFF0D9; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 36.2pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none">
									<b><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Robustness</span>
									</b><span
										style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Times New Roman&amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; serif &amp;amp; quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp; amp;"></span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="236" valign="top"
								style="width: 177.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 36.2pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 11.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Determines<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>risk<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>failu<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>es<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt"> </span>or<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>defects<span
										style="letter-spacing: .65pt"> </span>that<span
										style="letter-spacing: .75pt"> </span>can<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span><span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>esult<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>by<span
										style="letter-spacing: .55pt"> </span>changing<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>an<span
										style="letter-spacing: .05pt"> </span>application</span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="256" valign="top"
								style="width: 191.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 36.2pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 6.8pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Inc<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>ease<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.3pt"> </span>in<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span><span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>obustness<span
										style="letter-spacing: .7pt"> </span>will<span
										style="letter-spacing: .55pt"> </span><span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>educe<span
										style="letter-spacing: .5pt"> </span>risk<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>appli-<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt"> </span>cation<span
										style="letter-spacing: .8pt"> </span>failu<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>e<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt"> </span>or<span
										style="letter-spacing: .45pt"> </span>added<span
										style="letter-spacing: .8pt"> </span>defects<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>when<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>modifying<span
										style="letter-spacing: .85pt"> </span>an<span
										style="letter-spacing: .05pt"> </span>application</span>
								</p>
							</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="height: 37.25pt">
							<td width="147" valign="top"
								style="width: 110.35pt; border: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-top: none; background: #EFF0D9; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 37.25pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none">
									<b><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Performance</span>
									</b><span
										style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Times New Roman&amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; serif &amp;amp; quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp; amp;"></span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="236" valign="top"
								style="width: 177.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 37.25pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 10.6pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Determines<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>risk<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>performance<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>issues<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.3pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>an<span
										style="letter-spacing: .05pt"> </span>application<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt"> </span>based<span
										style="letter-spacing: .5pt"> </span>on<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>a<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>chitectural<span
										style="letter-spacing: .75pt"> </span>designs</span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="256" valign="top"
								style="width: 191.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 37.25pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 8.15pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Inc<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>eased<span
										style="letter-spacing: .1pt"> </span>performance<span
										style="letter-spacing: .8pt"> </span>ratings<span
										style="letter-spacing: .55pt"> </span>will<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span><span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>educe<span
										style="letter-spacing: .5pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .15pt"> </span>risk<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>application<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>performance<span
										style="letter-spacing: .8pt"> </span>issues<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.05pt"> </span>once<span
										style="letter-spacing: .45pt"> </span>an<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.2pt"> </span>application<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>is<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>deployed</span>
								</p>
							</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="height: 28.4pt">
							<td width="147" valign="top"
								style="width: 110.35pt; border: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-top: none; background: #EFF0D9; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 28.4pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none">
									<b><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Security</span>
									</b><span
										style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Times New Roman&amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; serif &amp;amp; quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp; amp;"></span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="236" valign="top"
								style="width: 177.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 28.4pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 18.15pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Determines<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>risk<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>security<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>b<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>eaches<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.1pt"> </span>for<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>an<span
										style="letter-spacing: .05pt"> </span>application</span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="256" valign="top"
								style="width: 191.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 28.4pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 10.65pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Inc<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>eased<span
										style="letter-spacing: .1pt"> </span>security<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>ratings<span
										style="letter-spacing: .55pt"> </span>dec<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>ease<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.1pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>risk<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .35pt"> </span>security<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>th<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>eats<span
										style="letter-spacing: .3pt"> </span>against<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>application</span>
								</p>
							</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="height: 38.15pt">
							<td width="147" valign="top"
								style="width: 110.35pt; border: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-top: none; background: #EFF0D9; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 38.15pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none">
									<b><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435; letter-spacing: -.8pt">T</span>
									</b><b><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">ransferability</span>
									</b><span
										style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Times New Roman&amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; serif &amp;amp; quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp; amp;"></span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="236" valign="top"
								style="width: 177.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 38.15pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 12.25pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Determines<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>how<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>easily<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.25pt"> </span>a<span
										style="letter-spacing: .05pt"> </span>new<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>team<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>or team<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>member<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>can<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>become<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>p<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>oductive<span
										style="letter-spacing: .95pt"> </span>when<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>assigned<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>to<span
										style="letter-spacing: .75pt"> </span>work<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>on<span
										style="letter-spacing: .35pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>application</span><span
										style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Times New Roman&amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; serif &amp;amp; quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp; amp;"></span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="256" valign="top"
								style="width: 191.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 38.15pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 27.1pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Inc<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>ease<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.3pt"> </span>in<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>transferability<span
										style="letter-spacing: .85pt"> </span>helps<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>to<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>p<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>event <span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>esou<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>ce<span
										style="letter-spacing: .15pt"> </span>lock-in</span><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: black"></span>
								</p>
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">-<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt"> </span>Between<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>inte<span
										style="letter-spacing: .15pt">r</span>nal <span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>esou<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>ces</span><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: black"></span>
								</p>
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: .4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">-<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt"> </span>Between<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>outsou<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>cers</span><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: black"></span>
								</p>
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: .4pt; margin-right: 8.35pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Help<span
										style="letter-spacing: .65pt"> </span>in<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>moving<span
										style="letter-spacing: .55pt"> </span>f<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>om<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>outsou<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>cer<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt"> </span>to<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>inte<span
										style="letter-spacing: .15pt">r</span>nal<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.25pt"> </span>teams<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>or<span
										style="letter-spacing: .45pt"> </span>f<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>om<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>inte<span
										style="letter-spacing: .15pt">r</span>nal teams<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>to<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>outsou<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>cer</span>
								</p>
							</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="height: 36.2pt">
							<td width="147" valign="top"
								style="width: 110.35pt; border: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-top: none; background: #EFF0D9; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 36.2pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none">
									<b><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Changeability</span>
									</b><span
										style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Times New Roman&amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; serif &amp;amp; quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp; amp;"></span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="236" valign="top"
								style="width: 177.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 36.2pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 27.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Determines<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>how<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>easily<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.25pt"> </span>and<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>quickly<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>an<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.2pt"> </span>application<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt"> </span>can<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>be<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>modified</span><span
										style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Times New Roman&amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; serif &amp;amp; quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp; amp;"></span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="256" valign="top"
								style="width: 191.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 36.2pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Inc<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>ease<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.3pt"> </span>in<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>changeability<span
										style="letter-spacing: .85pt"> </span>will<span
										style="letter-spacing: .55pt"> </span>speed</span><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: black"></span>
								</p>
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: .4pt; margin-right: 19.05pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">time-to-market<span
										style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt"> </span>p<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>oviding<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>information needed<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>to<span
										style="letter-spacing: .75pt"> </span>make<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>deliveries<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>mo<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>e<span
										style="letter-spacing: .3pt"> </span>p<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>edictable</span>
								</p>
							</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="height: 73.65pt">
							<td width="147" valign="top"
								style="width: 110.35pt; border: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-top: none; background: #EFF0D9; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 73.65pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none">
									<b><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435; letter-spacing: -.95pt">T</span>
									</b><b><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">echnical<span
											style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>Size</span> </b>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="236" valign="top"
								style="width: 177.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 73.65pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 4.05pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Determines<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>technical<span
										style="letter-spacing: .65pt"> </span>size<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.3pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>softwa-<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt"> </span><span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>e<span
										style="letter-spacing: .05pt"> </span>as<span
										style="letter-spacing: .05pt"> </span>seen<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.2pt"> </span>by<span
										style="letter-spacing: .55pt"> </span>its<span
										style="letter-spacing: .55pt"> </span>developers,<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>its<span
										style="letter-spacing: .55pt"> </span>testers<span
										style="letter-spacing: .55pt"> </span>or</span><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: black"></span>
								</p>
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 20.45pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">its<span
										style="letter-spacing: .9pt"> </span>integrators<span
										style="letter-spacing: .7pt"> </span>(as<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.7pt"> </span>opposed<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt"> </span>to<span
										style="letter-spacing: .75pt"> </span>its<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>users).<span
										style="letter-spacing: .1pt"> </span>It<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>is<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>measu<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>ed<span
										style="letter-spacing: .05pt"> </span>th<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>ough</span><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: black"></span>
								</p>
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 19.55pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Lines<span
										style="letter-spacing: .45pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>Code,<span
										style="letter-spacing: .5pt"> </span>Number<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>P<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>ograms,<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>Number<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>Forms,<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>Number<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>Classes,<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.4pt"> </span>Number<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>Function<span
										style="letter-spacing: .65pt"> </span>Points,<span
										style="letter-spacing: .55pt"> </span>Methods<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt"> </span></span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="256" valign="top"
								style="width: 191.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 73.65pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 4.65pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Cor<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>elated<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>with<span
										style="letter-spacing: .95pt"> </span>person-day<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt"> </span>information,<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>and<span
										style="letter-spacing: .15pt"> </span>combined<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt"> </span>with<span
										style="letter-spacing: .95pt"> </span>other<span
										style="letter-spacing: .5pt"> </span>metrics,<span
										style="letter-spacing: .95pt"> </span>it<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>is<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>used<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>not<span
										style="letter-spacing: .8pt"> </span>only to<span
										style="letter-spacing: .75pt"> </span>assess<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.35pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>amount<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>work<span
										style="letter-spacing: .9pt"> </span>p<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>oduced</span><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: black"></span>
								</p>
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 28.1pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">by<span
										style="letter-spacing: .95pt"> </span>inte<span
										style="letter-spacing: .15pt">r</span>nal or<span
										style="letter-spacing: .45pt"> </span>outsou<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>ced<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt"> </span>teams<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>but<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>most<span
										style="letter-spacing: .65pt"> </span>importantly<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt"> </span>their<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>p<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>oductivity</span>
								</p>
							</td>
						</tr>
						<tr style="height: 73.65pt">
							<td width="147" valign="top"
								style="width: 110.35pt; border: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-top: none; background: #EFF0D9; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 73.65pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; text-autospace: none">
									<b><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Functional<span
											style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span><span
											style="letter-spacing: -.3pt">Points</span> </span> </b><span
										style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Times New Roman&amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; serif &amp;amp; quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp; amp;"></span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="236" valign="top"
								style="width: 177.3pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 73.65pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">Determines<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>size<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.3pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>an<span
										style="letter-spacing: .05pt"> </span>application<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>f<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>om<span
										style="letter-spacing: .35pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>user<span
										style="letter-spacing: .05pt"> </span>stand-point. <span
										style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt"><span style=""> </span>
									</span>It<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>estimates<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>num-<span
										style="letter-spacing: .7pt"> </span>ber<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>featu<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>es<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>p<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>ovided<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt"> </span>to<span
										style="letter-spacing: .75pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>users.</span><span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: black"></span>
								</p>
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">It<span
										style="letter-spacing: .8pt"> </span>is<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>based<span
										style="letter-spacing: .5pt"> </span>on<span
										style="letter-spacing: .35pt"> </span>Lines of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>Code<span
										style="letter-spacing: .5pt"> </span>and/or<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>on<span
										style="letter-spacing: .35pt"> </span>the<span
										style="letter-spacing: .15pt"> </span>application<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt"> </span>a<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>chitectu<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>e<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span><span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>elated<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>measu<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>es<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.5pt"> </span>and<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>application<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>statistical<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt"> </span>metrics</span>
								</p>
							</td>
							<td width="256" valign="top"
								style="width: 191.9pt; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #363435 1.0pt; border-right: solid #363435 1.0pt; background: #FDFDFD; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 73.65pt">
								<p class="MsoNormal"
									style="margin-top: 1.1pt; margin-right: 11.9pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 104%; text-autospace: none">
									<span
										style="font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 104%; font-family: &amp; amp; quot; Arial &amp;amp; quot; ,&amp; amp; quot; sans-serif &amp;amp; quot;; color: #363435">This<span
										style="letter-spacing: .35pt"> </span>is<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>yet<span
										style="letter-spacing: .4pt"> </span>another<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>way<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>to<span
										style="letter-spacing: .75pt"> </span>measu<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>e<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.25pt"> </span>the p<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>oductivity<span
										style="letter-spacing: .45pt"> </span>of<span
										style="letter-spacing: .6pt"> </span>an<span
										style="letter-spacing: .05pt"> </span>inte<span
										style="letter-spacing: .15pt">r</span>nal or<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>outsou<span
										style="letter-spacing: -.15pt">r</span>ced<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>team (combined<span
										style="letter-spacing: .7pt"> </span>with<span
										style="letter-spacing: .25pt"> </span>person-day<span
										style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt"> </span>information)</span>
								</p>
							</td>
						</tr>
					</table>
					</p>
				</div>
				<div id="pageIDANWDNB"
					style="float: left; display: none; margin: 5px" xmlns="">
					<h1 class="ParagraphTitle" style="margin-top: 0px">Robustness</h1>
					<p>Robustness measures the level of risk and the likelihood of
						potential application failures and defects in the application due
						to modifications that may be made to the application (its
						stability as named by ISO). Robustness also measures the level of
						effort necessary to test the application i.e. how easy it is to
						test it and check its behavior.</p>
					<p>The business goal for checking and monitoring Robustness is
						to reduce and prevent application downtime, application outage and
						application errors that directly affect users which in turn can
						damage the image of IT.</p>
					<p>
						It is also important to check and monitor Robustness over the
						application’s lifespan. It is very common during application
						maintenance that developers will extend existing components rather
						than create new ones. Thus the components holding the business
						logic become more and more complex and are required to do more.
						The primary issue with this increase in complexity is that the
						components become extremely difficult to test so that they cannot
						be tested within a reasonable timeframe or at a reasonable cost
						(see “Structured Testing: A Testing Methodology Using the
						Cyclomatic Complexity Metric” <a
							href="http://hissa.nist.gov/HHRFdata/Artifacts/ITLdoc/235/title.htm">http://hissa.nist.gov/HHRFdata/Artifacts/ITLdoc/235/title.htm</a>
						).
					</p>
					<h2>How is Robustness measured?</h2>
					<p>To measure the Robustness of an application, it is first
						necessary to evaluate its stability (likelihood of potential
						application failures and bugs of the application due to
						modifications) and its testability (how difficult it is to test
						the application and check its behavior). The CAST Application
						Intelligence Platform measures these aspects of Robustness of the
						application source code by evaluating in priority:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>Code Algorithmic &amp; Control Flow Complexity</li>
						<li>Architecture Rules regarding Controlled Data Access</li>
						<li>Architecture &amp; OO Design Issues (such as inheritance
							misuse)</li>
						<li>Component’s Interdependence</li>
					</ul>
					<p>CAST checks whether components of the application violate
						the complexity levels recommended by organizations such as the
						Carnegie-Mellon SEI. Whenever these recommendations are violated,
						it becomes more difficult for team members to both identify how to
						implement a change request and to perform testing in general,
						causing a significant increase in the risk of an application to
						fail.</p>
					<p>The checking of application source code compliance as to
						Controlled Data Access contributes directly to the measurement of
						Robustness as whenever data access is not concentrated within a
						single layer, the unit and integration tests become more and more
						difficult and likeliness of failure and data corruptions increases
						sharply.</p>
					<p>The misuse or heavy use of some object-oriented features
						such as inheritance or polymorphism as well as the usage of
						powerful programming techniques such as Dynamic Instantiation,
						create situations where the technical teams cannot fully assess
						the behavior of the application before it goes into production. As
						the predictability of the system becomes very low, its testability
						is compromised. This is the reason why some of these coding
						techniques are forbidden within organizational standards boards,
						especially those that produce life critical software systems such
						as medical systems or aerospace and defense.</p>
					<p>The level of dependency and coupling between components of
						the application contribute as well to the robustness of the
						application. Indeed, if a component of the application is used by
						too many different components, its modification will require much
						more testing (lower testability) and likeliness of a regression
						bug or failure increases significantly (lower stability).</p>
				</div>

				<div id="pageIDATXDNB"
					style="float: left; display: none; margin: 5px" xmlns="">
					<h1 class="ParagraphTitle" style="margin-top: 0px">Performance</h1>
					<p>Performance measures the likelihood of potential performance
						bottlenecks and the potential future scalability problems.
						Performing such an analysis provides the measurements required to
						avoid issues that can harm customer relationships or block
						mission-critical business processes through response time
						degradation. Being in a position to regularly monitor the risk of
						having future performance issues is key to preventing them.</p>
					<p>Traditionally, development managers evaluate potential
						performance bottlenecks and scalability issues through live
						testing of the application by putting it under heavy stress known
						as load testing. The issue when applying this sole method for
						testing is that problems are discovered very late in the
						development cycle when it is more difficult and therefore more
						expensive to fix. Additionally, such issues are only found if the
						tests being run analyze that same area of the application - these
						types of performance tests are usually done by simulating user
						access to the application and applying to it different loads
						(numbers of users) at a time. Even when potential issues are
						revealed through live testing there is still a lot of work ahead
						to find out the source of the problems. By looking at the code
						itself for potential performance issues, you can do so even before
						the entire application is up and ready for testing, understand
						issues with the code itself not having to rely on specific test
						cases that may or may not exist and pinpoint issues before they
						occur. Additionally, experience has shown that major performance
						or scalability problems often come from not following the
						recommended architecture or industry best practices which can be
						uncovered by analyzing the source code early in the development
						cycle.</p>
					<h2>How is Performance measured?</h2>
					<p>The CAST Application Intelligence Platform measures
						Performance by computing the level of compliance of an
						application’s source code to all enterprise software performance
						best practices and the software editor’s recommendations.</p>
					<p>The CAST Application Intelligence Platform measures
						performance in different ways, for instance a measurement can be
						done by evaluating in priority:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>SQL coding and Data handling performance</li>
						<li>Memory management coding rules</li>
						<li>Network management coding rules</li>
					</ul>
					<p>An example of an SQL coding rule that can prevent
						performance issues is the rule that recommends “to avoid SQL
						queries on too many tables”. When the violation is detected early
						in the development cycle there is still time to modify the query
						or even to improve the design of the SQL Database. When discovered
						during production tests it is obviously too late or very costly to
						modify the database design and the AD organization is then
						challenged to track the origin and fix the problem.</p>
				</div>
				<div id="pageIDAPYDNB"
					style="float: left; display: none; margin: 5px" xmlns="">
					<h1 class="ParagraphTitle" style="margin-top: 0px">Security</h1>
					<p>Security measures the likelihood of potential security
						breaches linked to coding practices and application source code.
						This represents risk analysis and provides prevention measures
						necessary to avoid opening critical vulnerabilities and security
						issues that can damage the business and the entire company running
						the applications.</p>
					<p>The Gartner Group notes that approximately 75% of malicious
						attacks occur against applications rather than networks. However,
						the task of releasing secure applications is made very difficult
						today for IT managers mainly because of a lack of secure
						development knowledge by many development team members as well as
						the outsourcing process which continually robs IT organizations of
						knowledge about what is really inside the source code of their
						application.</p>
					<p>As of today, the main answer to these issues is to test the
						applications against security vulnerabilities. Manual reviews by
						security experts of an entire application’s source code are often
						not an option given the amount of code and the importance of the
						checks. While live testing is always necessary, it is important to
						complement these tests with a complete and automatic review of the
						application’s source code and to provide IT managers with a
						summary of the application’s compliance to secure programming best
						practices, so that they can take preventive actions.</p>
					<p>The CAST Application Intelligence Platform measures Security
						by computing the level of compliance of an application’s source
						code to secure programming best practices as well as in-house
						security rules. It serves as an early alert within the development
						cycle reducing both costs of remediation and risks of releasing
						vulnerabilities. Information pushed from the IT management to
						development team members via CAST helps increase their secure
						development knowledge, creating a virtuous circle that in turn
						improves application’s security.</p>
					<p>Additionally, the CAST Application Intelligence Platform is
						used to prevent the creation of “logic bombs”. A logic bomb is
						usually defined as a program that has been deliberately written or
						modified in order to wreck an information system and its content
						when certain conditions (unexpected and unauthorized by legitimate
						users or owners of the software) are met. An example of a logic
						bomb is any program that mysteriously stops working three months
						later, stating its programmer's name has disappeared from the
						corporate salary database.</p>
					<h2>How is Security measured?</h2>
					<p>The CAST Application Intelligence Platform measures Security
						by evaluating in priority the respect of Architecture rules
						(respect of layered architecture) and in-house security rules. As
						an example, a CAST customer within the banking industry has
						launched a security initiative to reduce online fraud. The bank
						has approximately 200 Web-based applications currently in
						production, with this number rapidly growing to 400. The
						applications are very sensitive, customer-facing ones along with
						publicly visible Web sites. All applications are based on the same
						framework which implements a feature to handle the security
						aspects of the applications and Web sites. The banks security
						model could be simplified to a series of custom tags (method
						calls) from each dynamic Web page. The calls need to have specific
						parameters and need to access the Framework’s security
						functionalities (validation methods on the presentation layer as
						well as specific authentication methods on the business logic
						side). These authentication methods have to access the database.
						The bank selected CAST to automate the Security checks as the CAST
						software is the only available solution covering the analysis of
						the multiple technologies used to implement the applications:
						these Web sites like most mission-critical applications are based
						on multiple languages (HTML, Java-Script, JSP Custom Tags, Java,
						PL/SQL, Cobol and .NET languages). The bank has implemented checks
						that ensure that all Web pages use the right JSP Tags for security
						and that no Web page bypasses the application business logic layer
						to access database or mainframe components, therefore validating
						the designed architectures and ensuring more secure applications.</p>
				</div>
				<div id="pageIDABZDNB"
					style="float: left; display: none; margin: 5px" xmlns="">
					<h1 class="ParagraphTitle" style="margin-top: 0px">Transferability</h1>
					<p>Measuring the level of transferability of an application
						provides IT Managers means to understand and assess how easily
						applications can be moved across teams or team members including
						in-house and for outsourced development teams. Measuring and
						monitoring transferability over time helps managers avoid
						development resource lock-in, be it in-house or outsourced
						development team.</p>
					<h2>How is Transferability measured?</h2>
					<p>The transfer of an application from one team to another
						requires that new comers can easily find their way within a large
						amount of source code, and that they can easily understand the
						purpose and the behavior of a code component. This means that the
						source code must be both readable and analyzable.</p>
					<p>To evaluate the readability of an application source code,
						The CAST Application Intelligence Platform primarily measures the
						level of compliance to Naming Convention &amp; Coding Style rules.
						Compliance to naming and coding conventions results in precise,
						readable, and unambiguous source code that accelerates code
						understanding and makes code discovery as intuitive as possible,
						reducing the overall costs of the technical knowledge transfer.</p>
					<p>Complementary to the readability aspect, CAST Application
						Intelligence Platform measures the “analyzability” of the
						application source code by evaluating in priority the:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>Availability of Code Documentation</li>
						<li>Component’s Size &amp; Complexity</li>
						<li>Architecture &amp; OO Design Issues</li>
					</ul>
					<p>While code documentation is clearly identified by managers
						as being key to the knowledge transfer process, code size and
						complexity is usually largely underestimated as a barrier to the
						knowledge transfer and acquisition process. However, as described
						in a well-known National Institute of Standards and Technology
						(NIST) paper on testing and complexity: “The same psychological
						factors that limit people's ability to do mental manipulations of
						more than the infamous "7 +/- 2" objects simultaneously [MILLER]
						apply to software”. And one of the consequences of these
						psychological factors is that large size or too complex source
						code components, “defeats the human mind's ability to perform
						accurate symbolic manipulations” and results in slower and much
						more expensive knowledge transfer processes.1</p>
					<p>The other aspect that is usually well underestimated as a
						barrier to the knowledge transfer and acquisition process - and
						thus is not well measured - is the lack of respect of architecture
						rules. However, the violation of architecture rules and poor OO
						design (inheritance misuse for example) results in difficulties to
						understand and comprehend where a given feature of the application
						is implemented and as such architecture and design issues are an
						important barrier to application transferability. An application
						with poor respect of architecture and design rules requires more
						support from the application’s Subject Matter Experts (SME) to
						help new comers, and therefore, undermining the application’s
						transferability.</p>
				</div>
				<div id="pageIDA2ZDNB"
					style="float: left; display: none; margin: 5px" xmlns="">
					<h1 class="ParagraphTitle" style="margin-top: 0px">Changeability</h1>
					<p>Changeability measures the effort necessary to modify
						applications in order to implement new features, correct errors,
						or change the applications' environment (move to new operating
						systems for example). Measuring and monitoring changeability is
						especially important for mission-critical applications when change
						is driven by tight time-to-market schedules but it is also
						important for all application in order for IT to maintain and
						increase responsiveness to business-driven changes.</p>
					<p>Measuring and monitoring changeability over time helps
						managers avoid correction and evolution delays that are not
						consistent with the business requirements as the update of the
						source code cannot be performed simply, easily, and quickly. As a
						result, if a supplier is unable to deliver on time, even if a
						contract binds them and submit them to penalties, the main
						consequence is either a continued denial of service or a loss of
						competitive advantage (new offer is not available on the market on
						time)</p>
					<h2>How is Changeability measured?</h2>
					<p>The barriers to change that development teams have to
						overcome daily are two-fold:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>Identification and clear understanding of where and how
							to make the change</li>
						<li>Impact of changes on other parts of the applications
							(ripple effect) which make the changes either more costly or more
							risky.</li>
					</ul>
					<p>So to measure the changeability of an application, it is
						first necessary to evaluate how difficult it is to understand and
						where to make the changes securely. The CAST Application
						Intelligence Platform measures this aspect of changeability of the
						application source code by evaluating in priority:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>Code Algorithmic &amp; Control Flow Complexity</li>
						<li>Architecture Rules Violation</li>
						<li>Presence of specific Programming Techniques such as
							dynamic coding</li>
					</ul>
					<p>Whenever an application is composed of highly complex
						components, especially when these components violate the
						complexity levels recommended by organizations such as the
						Carnegie-Mellon SEI, it becomes more difficult and takes more time
						for team members to identify where and how to implement a change
						request. Whenever Architecture rules such as multi-tier or
						multi-layer architecture are not well enforced, developers end up
						spending a lot of time locating where a given change within
						existing code must be implemented as it is not straightforward and
						as logic is spread across layers.</p>
					<p>Also specific programming techniques - such as dynamic
						instantiation or dynamic programming in general - require high
						level expertise, very careful coding as well as more time to
						identify where and how to make the changes.</p>
					<p>To fully evaluate the measure of the changeability of an
						application, it is extremely important to evaluate if the
						dependencies between different areas or components of the
						application can have impacts on others. These impacts can be
						either programmatic (many changes must be made) or in terms of
						tests. CAST Application Intelligence Platform measures this aspect
						of changeability by evaluating in priority:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>Level of Component’s dependency (known as Coupling)</li>
						<li>Modularity &amp; Code Encapsulation</li>
						<li>Architecture &amp; OO Design Issues (such as inheritance
							misuse)</li>
					</ul>
				</div>
				<div id="pageIDAJ1DNB"
					style="float: left; display: none; margin: 5px" xmlns="">
					<h1 class="ParagraphTitle" style="margin-top: 0px">Enhanced
						Remediation Capabilities</h1>
					<p>Additionally once areas of concern have been isolated, it
						becomes much easier to figure out what needs to be changed to fix
						the problem. Since CAST collects metrics based on a "DNA"-level
						analysis, managers can then drill-down on the metrics and on
						specific list of technical issues and exact code modules for
						remediation:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>To provide their development team with detailed
							representations of the code itself and its interconnections,
							whether for a single or multiple applications</li>
						<li>To avoid future maintainability drifts</li>
						<li>To build applications at a lesser cost and with longer
							shelf life</li>
					</ul>
					<img
						src="../themes/resources/images/PortalContent-MeasuringSoftwareQuality_files/image011.gif"><br>
					<span>Figure 2: Example of a drilled-down view of
						interconnections within an application</span>
				</div>
				<div id="pageIDA51DNB"
					style="float: left; display: none; margin: 5px" xmlns="">
					<h1 class="ParagraphTitle" style="margin-top: 0px">Conclusion</h1>
					<p>Application Development continues to get more complex and
						due to that complexity, the ability to measure, monitor and
						control what is happening both in-house and via outsourced
						development teams is very difficult. Predictability continues to
						be an issue as it seems to have always been, but with businesses
						relying so heavily on evolving application development for success
						and differentiation, it is imperative that these efforts be
						predictable and successful.</p>
					<p>Through the measurement of application development using
						application health factors - that shows how well an application or
						overall system is constructed - you can get a true assessment of
						your development teams' work and show them that their work is no
						longer just an art but something that can be measured. By
						understanding the complexity of the systems that run businesses,
						you can get a better handle on what exists today and manage the
						outputs of the future. The CAST Application Intelligence Platform
						automates the measurement of such factors providing immediate
						visibility into the quality and quantity of work being produced by
						application development teams to ensure higher quality throughout
						the life of an application.</p>
					<p>With the combination of CAST's quality and quantity metrics,
						you can truly understand the technical quality of the code itself
						as a true representation of:</p>
					<ul>
						<li>How productive your Application Development team really
							is</li>
						<li>How easy it will be to maintain your application
							portfolio in the future</li>
						<li>How to predict and reduce your maintenance costs over
							time</li>
					</ul>
				</div>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</table>
			</div>
		<div class="push"></div>
	</div>
	<div class="footer">
		  <p>Application monitoring - Online fault detection</p>
	</div>
	<script language="javascript">
		showpage('IDANACNB');
	</script>
</body>
</html>
